A calcaneus X-ray involves exposure to radiation, which can increase the risk of cancer. However, the amount of radiation used in a calcaneus X-ray is generally considered to be safe. The risks and benefits of the test should be discussed with a doctor before the examination is performed. It is also important to note that a calcaneus X-ray is not always able to detect all heel injuries or abnormalities, and additional testing may be required if there is still concern.