Oligoclonal Bands

Specimen Required

Fasting Required

Purpose of the Test

To help diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS) or other neurological conditionsTo monitor disease progression or response to treatment

When this test is required

The test is typically requested when a patient presents with symptoms of a neurological disorder, such as MS, and is used to help confirm a diagnosis. It may also be ordered when a patient is being monitored for disease progression or response to treatment.

What the Test Detects

Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are abnormal patterns of immunoglobulins (antibodies) that can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some individuals with neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence of OCBs indicates an immune system response in the central nervous system (CNS).

Preparation for the Test

Generally, no specific preparation is required, but patients should discuss any medications or medical conditions with their healthcare provider.

Sample Requirements

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected via a lumbar puncture (spinal tap)

Additional Notes

A positive test for OCBs does not necessarily mean that a patient has MS, as the bands may also be found in other neurological disorders. Additionally, some people with MS may not have detectable OCBs in their CSF. A healthcare provider will consider the results of this test, along with other clinical and laboratory findings, when making a diagnosis.

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