Meningitis / Encephalitis Infectious Panel

Specimen Required

CSF

Fasting Required

Purpose of the Test

A meningitis/encephalitis panel is performed to diagnose infections in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. The panel can identify several bacteria, viruses, and fungi that can cause meningitis or encephalitis. Early detection and treatment of these infections can help prevent severe complications, such as brain damage, seizures, or death.

When this test is required

The test is requested when a patient has symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis, and the cause of the infection is not immediately clear. The test may also be ordered as part of a screening program in high-risk populations or when there is an outbreak of meningitis or encephalitis in a community.

What the Test Detects

The meningitis/encephalitis infectious panel tests for a variety of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that can cause meningitis or encephalitis. The panel may include tests for specific pathogens such as bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and viruses like herpes simplex virus (HSV), enterovirus, and West Nile virus.

Preparation for the Test

There is no specific preparation required for the test. However, the healthcare provider may give instructions on fasting or stopping certain medications before the procedure.

Sample Requirements

The test requires a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that is obtained through a lumbar puncture or spinal tap.

Additional Notes

The test results may take several days to become available. In the meantime, treatment may be started based on clinical suspicion or initial test results. The test may not be able to identify all possible causes of meningitis or encephalitis, and additional testing may be needed if the results are negative or inconclusive.

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